Digital Systems: From Logic Gates to Processors Week 8 Quiz Answer
In this article i am gone to share Coursera Course: Digital Systems: From Logic Gates to Processors Week 8 Quiz Answer with you..
Graded Quiz 8 Answer
Question 1)
Mark the true statements.
- PCB is an acronym of “Printed Circuit Board”
- Big digital circuits (say circuits containing more than 100,000 gate-equivalent devices) must be implemented first with SSI or MSI chips to check their functionality.
- The 7400 chip contains 4 2-inputs NAND gates. Such a chip is considered a small scale integration (SSI) circuit.
- Any digital circuits can be implemented with Standar Cells or Gate Arrays, but this approach uses to be poorly efficient when the circuit is small, with low performance, or when the required productIon is low.
Question 2)
Mark the true statement.
- The aim of Microelectronics is the study and implementation of analog and digital circuits by using very tiny discrete components (resistors, capacitors, transistors…).
- Only digital circuits can be implemented by using Microelectronic processes.
- The aim of Microelectronics is the study and implementation of circuits containing an extremely small number of transistors.
- The aim of Microelectronics is the study and implementation of analog and digital circuits within semiconductors materials, most frequently Silicon.
Question 3)
Mark the true statements.
- Integrated circuits are manufactured in special rooms named “Clean Rooms”.
- A microelectronic technology is a set of technological processes (such as ion implantation, oxidation, deposition or etching) that can be applied on a semiconductor material (usually silicon) in a particular order to obtain an integrated circuit.
- Silicon wafers are thin plates of semiconductor material on which the integrated circuits are built.
- Masks are used to define over which regions of a wafer a particular process will be applied to.
- Only a single integrated circuit can be implemented in a silicon wafer.
- Clean Rooms have equipment to ensure that the number of particles suspended in the air is below a certain threshold. This level of cleanness is essential for the production of integrated circuits.
Question 4)
Mark the statements concerning Standard Cells which are true.
- Gate Arrays have better performances, in terms of integration density, speed and consumption, than Standard Cells.
- Standard Cells use a library of cells where the layout of all cells has the same height and the same width.
- Macrocells are special library cells such that the designer can define their height and width.
- Macrocells are special library cells that implement, in general, more complex functions than logic gates or bistables. In many cases, libraries contain configurable macrocells such that the designer can define some of their parameters (for instance, number of words and bit/word of a memory block, length of a shift register, etc.).
- FPGAs have better performances, in terms of speed and consumption, than Standard Cells.
- Standard Cells use a library of cells where the layout of all cells has the same height and, in general, different width.
Question 5)
Mark the statements concerning Gate Arrays which are true.
- Gate Arrays have better performances, in terms of speed and consumption, than FPGAs.
- Gate Arrays are usually less expensive than Standard Cells because a part of their layout (the part corresponding to the uncommitted cells) is already defined and is identical for all users. This reduces the number of masks needed in the manufacturing process, thus lowering the cost.
- Gate Arrays have better performances, in terms of integration density, speed and consumption, than Standard Cells.
- There exist computer-aided design (CAD) tools that automatically create the layers required to transform the uncommitted cells of a Gate Array into the desired logic component (gates, memory elements, etc.)
- In the first Gate Arrays, uncommitted cells were placed in rows separated by routing channels. In the current Gate Arrays, the uncommitted cells occupy all the silicon surface and the interconnection layers pass over the cells.
- Gate Arrays are based on the existence of uncommitted cells on the silicon surface that must be customized to form the desired gates or memory elements.
Question 6)
Mark the statements concerning FPGAs which are true.
- The basic blocks are identical for all the FPGAs.
- The programming (configuration) of the basic blocks and the interconnection layers in a FPGA is automatically performed by specific computer aided design tools (CAD tolls). Thanks to them, the designer works with a component library (logic gates, memory elements, etc.) and doesn’t have to worry about the dumping of his/her circuit into the FPGA (“technology mapping”).
- FPGAs are particularly suitable for the implementation of prototypes and small series.
- The integration density of current FPGAs is limited to a few hundreds of logical gates.
- FPGAs consist of a set of basic blocks and interconnections layers that can be customized.
- FPGAs must be programmed (customized) in the foundry. The advantage of FPGAs regarding Gate Arrays and Standard Cells is that this customization process is faster and less expensive.
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